Intro to Public Speaking
August 22, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Update on Canvas
Chapter 1 Textbook Overview
Meet with Me
Update on Canvas
The Canvas site is live and the survey is ready.
Chapter 1 Textbook Overview
Features of public speaking
“Enlarged conversation”
Purposeful
Organized
Well-Researched
Face-to-face, perhaps enhanced by media
Anxiety about public speaking
Misperceptions
Fear of failure at speaking
Fear of rejection of your ideas
Transactional Model of Communication
August 27, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Review of Survey and Meet with Me Data
Chapter 1 Textbook Overview (contd.)
Review of Survey and Meet with Me Data
75% somewhat familiar with the subject matter of the course
areas of interest/concern:
how to focus
how to avoid using filler words
how to manage anxiety
how to use techniques in professional contexts, including interviews
Chapter 1 Textbook Overview (contd.)
Anxiety
Preparation:
Mental
Physical
Contextual (Venue)
Speech
Review of transactional model of communication
- Pictionary Game
August 29, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Syllabus Updates: September 11
Ch. 2 Audience Analysis
Group Activity
Ch. 2 Listening Skills
Tip of the Week
Audience Analysis
- Why does the speaker’s relationship to the audience matter?
Demographics
How might the audience’s demographics influence how we speak to them?
generalization v. stereotype v. totalization
generalization: “people in that group tend to jump to conclusions”
stereotype: “that person jumps to conclusions”
totalization: “all they do is jump to conclusions”
Psychographic Characteristics
audience members’ inner attitudes, beliefs, needs, and values
Which is which?
statements a person holds true
important deficiencies that a person is motivated to fill
goals that a person strives for
a person’s negative or positive reaction to something or someone
Contextual Factors
- time, length of speech, size of audience, and setting
Group Activity
2 groups (A and B, 10-11 per group)
Sojourner Truth’s speech
Sojourner Truth’s Most Famous Speech
Google: “loc.gov sojourner truth most famous speech”
How might her thoughts about the audience have influenced Gage’s recounted version of the speech?
Listening Skills
Tip of the Week
To reduce speech anxiety, try re-framing nervousness as excitement by saying “I am excited” out loud before the speech.
Get Excited: Reappraising Pre-Performance Anxiety as Excitement
September 3, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Review Tip of the Week
Thursday, September 5 Online
Ch. 3 Speech Ethics
Speech Ethics
Ethical Frameworks
- Rule-based
- Value-based
- What are your personal speech values? (5 minutes - write and share)
- Outcome-based
Civility across Cultures
What is civility?
“What does ‘civility’ mean? It certainly means avoiding the use of swear words and other inflammatory language. It means treating opponents–even those you staunchly disagree with – with respect. It means listening to them, and seriously thinking about what they have to say before one either rejects it or accepts it. It means treating people the way you want to be treated–even IF they don’t treat you that way in return.”Heidi and Guy M. Burgess, blog post, https://www.beyondintractability.org/ttdth/civility
Other contexts:
Legal contexts - US Courts - https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/practicing-language-civility-civil-discourse-and
Chinese press conferences - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - https://jefferson.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcm_2020_100428&context=PC&vid=01TJU_INST:01TJU_EastFalls&lang=en&search_scope=EastFallsALL&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,A%20discursive%20approach%20to%20disagreements%20expressed%20by%20Chinese%20spokespersons%20during%20press%20conferences
negative tone based on moral values of sincerity (诚/chéng) and frankness (实/shí)
collective stance in response to accusation by French Foreign Ministry that China is unfairly treating Canadian nationals in custody
“As to the relevant French statement you mentioned, we firmly reject and oppose it. …… I cannot understand why the French side issued such a statement and why it is speaking on behalf of Canadian nationals. This has left a very bad impression on the Chinese people: France only cares for Canadian people and does not care for Chinese people.”Mao and Zhao, 2020, journal article on the discursive approaches of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
Plaigarism
General v. specific ideas
Jefferson’s Policy - https://www.jefferson.edu/life-at-jefferson/handbooks/policies/undergraduate-policies/academic-integrity.html
September 10, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Review Discussion Post
Thursday, September 12 Online
Ch. 5 Researching Speeches
Researching Speeches
- Using your discussion post topic
Researching Your Audience
- Survey
What are your feelings about semi-automatic weapons?
What do you find most confusing about school shooting policies?
a. the role of the police
b. teacher’s responsibilities
c. what student’s should do when they hear a gunshot
d. other: _________________
Activity: Create 3-question survey and ask two students
Interviews
Who do you interview?
Benefits?
Limitations?
Researching Your Topic
Types of sources (primary v. secondary)
Library materials
Periodicals (e.g., magazines, journals, newspapers)
Databases
Peer-reviewed journals
Search illustration
Internet research
Relevance and Scope
Source Verification
Go upstream
Read laterally
Circle back
Tracking sources
Spreadsheet
Notecards
Notes document
September 17, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Review and Questions
Organizing Speeches
Outlining Speeches
Organizing speeches
3 to 5 points to support your speech
Grouping exercise: place one item in front of you
Ways of grouping support points
Transitions (connective statements)
Video speech: which did the speaker use?
TED talk
https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story
Outlining speeches
Preparation outline v. speaking notes
Outlining exercise: organize specific purposes ( p. 115)
Practice your topic: purpose, support points, and organization
September 19, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Review and Questions
Introductions
Conclusions
Speech Writing Practice
Emma Gonzalez - March for Our Lives : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u46HzTGVQhg
Introductions
Types of introductions
Illustrations
Danger of a Single Story: https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story
John Lewis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HkrL0L62e0
Conclusions
Types of conclusions
Illustrations
Brene Brown: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vphih0pa1A
George Bush: https://www.history.com/speeches/george-w-bush-declares-mission-accomplished
September 24, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Talk about Exam
Presentation Aids
Language
Exam Questions Practice
Talk about Exam
Take home exam - open notes - via Canvas
Practice Quesitons in class
Due Saturday at 11:59 pm
Presentation Aids
Why use visuals?
- grab attention, clarify, or explain
How use visuals?
simple and straightforward
clarify purpose for listeners
Slides
consistent themes
little to no text
recommended software: Canva, Prezi, PowerPoint (Google Slides downloads at .ppt)
Prezi: https://prezi.com/gallery/
accessibility
- Garr Reynold’s Slide Tips https://www.garrreynolds.com/tips
Video and Audio Clips
- video / audio up to 30 seconds
Demonstratives
- make purpose clear ahead of time
Language (Ch 10)
rhetoric / framing
- Examples: pro-choice”, “alternative lifestyle”, “second amendment right”
rhetorical strategies
in-class exercise pp. 214-15
choose one and write on the board
colloquial v. professional language
terms of art
slang
abstract v. concrete (specificity)
- “unjust” or “violated the right to free speech”
difficulty-level: 8th grade English, unless professional context
inclusive language
disability: people-first or not?
gender
race
How would people in that community prefer to be referred to?
define terms as needed
Exam Practice
Practice Questions
(T/F) Conducting surveys of the audience while preparing a speech can help the speaker develop an in-depth understanding of the audience’s goals, interests, and communication preferences.
Fill in the blank: _________ questions can be used in introductions to pique an audience’s interests.
Which of these are strategies for source verification in internet research? (choose all that apply)
Going upstream
Confirming through AI
Reading laterally
Circling back
September 26, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Rhetorical devices review
Reminder about Exam
Exam Questions Practice
Tip of the Week
Review Q & A
Rhetorical Devices Review
Anaphora (beginning sentences with the same word / phrase)
“Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.”
Martin Luther King, I have a dream speech
Assonance (repeated vowel sounds)
“wearing lights at night gets you home alright”
Irony (signifying the opposite through language)
Reminder about Exam
- Take home exam - open book and notes - via Canvas
Worth 200 points (20% of grade)
35 multiple choice * 4 points each (140 points total)
2 speech analyses * 30 points (60 points total)
Opens 6 pm today; Due Saturday at 11:59 pm
Practice Exam Questions
Why is it useful to use language with imagery in speeches? (Choose one.) (Hint: p. 211, textbook)
it invokes the listener’s senses
it sounds better than non-literal language
it is informative
it is inspirational
Which of these are ethical frameworks we discussed in class? (Choose all that apply.)
(a) Rule-based
(b) Value-based
(c) Experience-based
(d) Outcome-based
Speech Analysis Practice
Garr Reynolds - Lessons from the Bamboo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g8T8MsFIp0
- What introduction strategy(-ies)? - Structure? - Conclusion? - Use of presentation slides? - Other thoughts / reactions?
Tip of the Week
Join Toastmasters or a similar speaking club
Worldwide website https://www.toastmasters.org
Local Philadelphia website and meeting 1st and 3rd Thursdays, 6:45 - 9 pm (online / in-person) https://www.philadelphiasfirsttoastmasters.com
Review Q & A
- Ask me any questions about course content
October 1, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Exam Discussion
Delivery
Informative Speeches
Practice
Delivery
Presenting Yourself Well
clothes, grooming
- Steve Martin’s all white suit
- Steve Martin’s all white suit
eye contact - making (faking) a connection
- choose one person
- skip around to several people
- disclose disability?
confidence
- posture
- stance
- projecting voice
Tips from a singer:
Impromptu Speaking
give yourself time to think
- take a sip of water
- smile / laugh if appropriate
- ask to repeat / clarify (“in what way?”)
decide on main point you’d like to make
talk slowly
use numeric structure, if possible, to guide listeners and remind yourself
“two goals in mind …”
“three parts of my plan …”
Informative Speeches
informative v. persuasive
outline format walkthrough (pp. 264-66)
Practice
Example - gun control
audience research
informative topic selection
using 3 to 5 supporting points
introduction and conclusion
Your speech
October 3, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Informative Speeches (contd.)
Preparing Your Speech
Informative Speeches
Guest Speaker
- Pastor Jonathan Leath
Recorded Example
Preparing Your Speech
audience research
informative topic selection
using 3 to 5 supporting points
introduction and conclusion
October 8, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Review Speech Outline
Speech Practice
Review Speech Outline
- Textbook, pp. 264-66
Speech Practice
- Walkthroughs
October 10, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Review Speech Outline
Speech Practice
Student Speech on Voting Registration
October 10, 2024 (Thursday)
Schedule for Today
Exam Review
Review Informative Speech Outline Assignment
Review Informative Speech Guidelines and Schedule
Speech Practice in Groups
Exam Review
Canvas Grading Glitch
Totalizing v. stereotype
Values question
Review Speech Outline Assignment
- Example at Textbook, pp. 264-66
Review Speech Guidelines and Schedule
Guidelines
Structure
Introduction memorized
Body not memorized (3 to 5 points with evidence)
Conclusion memorized
Length: 5 to 7 minutes long
Speech Dates
Thursday, October 17th - Group A
Tuesday, October 22nd - Group B
While one group presents, the other practices
Speech Practice in Groups
October 22, 2024 (Tuesday)
Schedule for Today
Syllabus Change Discussion
Group A Speeches (Contd.)
Group B Speeches
Syllabus Change Discussion
Office Hours by appointment, in person or Zoom
Cut Entertaining or Persuasive speeches?